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Charles Henry "Charlie" Christian (July 29, 1916 – March 2, 1942) was an American swing and jazz guitarist. Christian was an important early performer on the electric guitar, and a key figure in the development of bebop and cool jazz. He gained national exposure as a member of the Benny Goodman Sextet and Orchestra from August 1939 to June 1941. His single-string technique, combined with amplification, helped bring the guitar out of the rhythm section and into the forefront as a solo instrument. John Hammond〔Hammond, John; Townsend, Irving. ''John Hammond on Record: An Autobiography''. New York: Ridge Press, 1977. ISBN 0-671-40003-7〕 and George T. Simon〔George T. Simon "The Big Bands" November 1971 ISBN 0-02-872430-5〕 called Christian the best improvisational talent of the swing era. In the liner notes to the 1972 Columbia album ''Solo Flight: The Genius of Charlie Christian'', Gene Lees writes that, "Many critics and musicians consider that Christian was one of the founding fathers of bebop, or if not that, at least a precursor to it."〔Solo Flight: The Genius of Charlie Christian, Columbia G 30779〕 Christian's influence reached beyond jazz and swing. In 1990, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Christian was raised in Oklahoma City and was one of many musicians who jammed along the city's "Deep Deuce" section on N.E. Second Street. In 2006 Oklahoma City renamed a street in its Bricktown entertainment district ''Charlie Christian Avenue''. ==Early Life== Christian was born in Bonham, Texas, but his family moved to Oklahoma City, Oklahoma when he was a small child. His parents were musicians and he had two brothers, Edward, born in 1906, and Clarence, born in 1911. All three sons were taught music by their father, Clarence Henry Christian. Clarence Henry was struck blind by fever, and in order to support the family he and the boys would work as buskers, on what the Christians called "busts." He would have them lead him into the better neighborhoods where they would perform for cash or goods. When Charles was old enough to go along, he first entertained by dancing.〔Wayne Goins and Craig McKinney, "A Biography of Charlie Christian: Jazz Guitar's King of Swing" pp. 7〕 Later he learned guitar, inheriting his father's instruments upon his death when Charles was 12.〔Amy Lee, "Charlie Christian Tried to Play Hot Tenor!" Metronome, 1940〕 He attended Douglass School in Oklahoma City, and was further encouraged in music by instructor Zelia N. Breaux. Charles wanted to play tenor saxophone in the school band, but she insisted he try trumpet instead.〔 Because he believed playing the trumpet would disfigure his lip, he quit to pursue his interest in baseball, at which he excelled.〔Wayne Goins and Craig McKinney, "A Biography of Charlie Christian: Jazz Guitar's King of Swing" pp. 12-15〕 In a 1978 interview with Charlie Christian biographer Craig McKinney, Clarence Christian said that in the 1920s and '30s Edward Christian led a band in Oklahoma City as a pianist and had a shaky relationship with trumpeter James Simpson. Around 1931, he took guitarist "Bigfoot" Ralph Hamilton and began secretly schooling the younger Charles on jazz. They taught him to solo on three songs, "Rose Room", "Tea for Two", and "Sweet Georgia Brown". When the time was right they took him out to one of the many after-hours jam sessions along "Deep Deuce", Northeast Second Street in Oklahoma City. "Let Charles play one," they told Edward. "Ah, nobody wants to hear them old blues," Edward replied. After some encouragement, he allowed Charles to play. "What do you want to play?" he asked. All three songs were big in the early 1930s and Edward was surprised that Charles knew them. After two encores, Charles had played all three and "Deep Deuce" was in an uproar. He coolly dismissed himself from the jam session, and his mother had heard about it before he got home.〔Wayne Goins and Craig McKinney, "A Biography of Charlie Christian: Jazz Guitar's King of Swing" pp. 18-20〕 Charles fathered a daughter, Billie Jean Christian, born December 23, 1932, by Margretta Lorraine Downey of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. They never married. Billie Jean (Christian) Johnson died 19 July 2004.〔Wayne Goins and Craig McKinney, "A Biography of Charlie Christian: Jazz Guitar's King of Swing" pp. 20, 399〕 Charles soon was performing locally and on the road throughout the Midwest, as far away as North Dakota and Minnesota. By 1936 he was playing electric guitar and had become a regional attraction. He jammed with many of the big name performers traveling through Oklahoma City including Teddy Wilson and Art Tatum. It was Mary Lou Williams, pianist for "Andy Kirk and His Clouds of Joy", who told record producer John Hammond about Charlie Christian. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Charlie Christian」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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